More by: 1Half- Life 2 Enhancer is definitely an enhancment device for the Fifty percent- Existence 2 game. Half- Daily life 2 Booster is usually an enhancment tool for the Fifty percent- Living 2 game. It features Special scripts and treatments, Apply Bullettime setting with 't' key, Apply elevator repair with 'v'.Size: 205.0 KB, Price: Free, License: Freeware, Author: Home windows Times (windowsxlive.internet)2In addition to the typical information discovered in like programs, it furthermore contains a wealth of nuclear information on each isotope, like half life, decay mode, and girl products. Periodic desk of the components software program. In addition to the typical.Dimension: 3.4 MB, Cost: USD $24.99, License: Shareware, Author: Dark Cat Techniques (blackcatsystems.com)3Id addition to the typical information discovered in such applications, it furthermore contains a wealth of nuclear info on each isotope, like half life, decay mode, and daughter products. Periodic table of the components software.

1. Half Life Decay Game

Half-Life is a series of First Person Shooters created by Washington-based developer team Valve.The series follow the life of physicist Gordon Freeman, a bearded, bespectacled Heroic Mime who works in the Anomalous Materials laboratory at the vast Black Mesa Research Facility, a top-secret complex in the middle of the New Mexico desert. Ooh and aah at the giant complex around you. Potential spies: if you want to get a closer look at some of the stuff you're passing by, jump out the back of the tram onto the rail as soon as you.

Half Life Decay Game

Debate introductionN = D 02 − testosterone levels/ Capital t ½ radiocarbon datingDer Tod startet die Stoppuhr. Immer wénn ein Lébewesen stirbt, beginnt éine Stoppuhr zu Iaufen. Die Wissenschaft kánn diese Uhr abIesen und so dieses Alter eines Fundes ermitteln.Every period a living being passes away a stopwatch starts ticking. Loss of life starts the stopwatch. Technology can study it.Source unidentified - perhaps das (the ) in Berlin.Radiocarbon courting is utilized to determine the age group of previously living things centered on the large quantity of an shaky isotope of carbón. The isotopic distribution of carbon on the Planet is approximately 99% carbon 12 (with 6 protons and 6 neutrons) and 1% carbon 13 (with 6 protons and 7 neutrons). These isotopes are usually stable, which is why they are with us today, but shaky isotopes are also present in small quantities.

About one carbón atom in á trillion (10 12) consists of a radioactive nucIeus with 6 protons and 8 neutrons - carbon 14. This rare, volatile isotope will be produced from common nitrogen 14.Id planet's top environment, on the advantage of what can be commonly known as outer area, light atomic nuclei from unfamiliar sources outside of our solar system travelling at rates of speed nearing the velocity of lighting called cosmic sun rays rain down regularly. These highly full of energy nuclear bullets wreak havoc on the atóms in the upper atmosphere: ripping electrons from théir orbitals and placing them free, bumping neutrons and prótons from the restricted bounds of the nucleus and establishing them free of charge, generating x-rays and gamma rays as they decelerate, and creating exotic contaminants like muons and pions straight from their excessive kinetic energy. These supplementary cosmic sun rays are also highly lively and will ionizé atoms, transmute nucIei, and génerate x-rays themseIves.

A supplementary cosmic ray neutron of adequate energy reaching a common nitrogen 14 nucleus can force it to remove a proton.14 7N + 1 0n → 14 6C + 1 1pThis will be the procedure by which aIl of the carbón 14 on the Earth is created. (Created naturally to end up being more exact. Even more on that later on.)All organic materials contains carbon. (By definition, organic hormone balance is the hormone balance of carbon compounds.) Plant life soak up 14C like they soak up various other isotopes of carbón - through the respiration of carbon dioxide - and after that use this carbon to produce sugars, body fat, proteins, and vitamin supplements.

Bacteria, fungi, and animals eat these plant life and each other. In this method, atmospheric carbon is certainly dispersed throughout the web of life until every residing thing offers the same ratio of 14C: 12C as the atmosphere. (Well, almost the same ratio. Vegetation and animals tend to favor lighter nuclei simply a little bit. Serious specialists understand how to compensate for this preference when courting examples.)With a haIf life of 5730 yrs, 14C decays by beta emission back into the 14N from which it came from.14 6C → 14 7N + 0 −1e + 0 0ν̅Since residing creatures are usually constantly swapping atoms with their atmosphere, the variety of 14C within them continues to be set.

After demise, nevertheless, no brand-new radioactive carbon comes along to boost that which provides corroded and the variety of 14C decreases. The ratio of 14C: 12C in a piece of living organic issue will be the exact same as it is in the atmosphere but larger than in a item of useless organic materials. A wood discovered in a house constructed 5730 years ago (one half life) would possess half the 14C: 12C proportion that a individual living nowadays would. A removed oyster covering from someone's dinner eaten 11,460 years ago (two half lives) would have one one fourth the 14C: 12C proportion that a 100 % cotton shirt used today wouId.

A tusk from á large that died 17,190 decades ago (three half lifestyles) would possess one 8th the 14C: 12C proportion that a cardboard boxes box manufactured nowadays would. Demise begins the stopwatch. Research can study it. Radiocarbon dating of a hypothetical organic structure.

In the United Claims and a few other countries 10 12 is called a trillion. The unit ppt means that 'components per trillion'. Age group (half-lives)age group (yrs)14C (atoms)12C (atoms)14C: 12C (ppt).00128128 × 10 4128 × 10 120.528 × 10 120.6128 × 10 120.1128 × 10 1,6504128 × 10 14,3802128 × 10 1 × 10 1Calculations of this sort are based on the supposition that the proportion of 14C: 12C in the Earth's environment has continued to be constant. As a 1st approximation one can presume this, but even more accurate results must take into accounts fluctuations in the intensity of the cosmic rays entering the Earth's environment. These deviations had been identified from the comparative relationship of ancient tree rings (a industry called dendrochronology) and the results were then put together into a calibration curve. Present calibration figure go back as far as 26,000 decades back.

The variety of radiocarbon dating extends back again to about 50,000 yrs. For products older than this, thére isn't enough undecayed 14C remaining to calculate the percentage dependably.Radiocarbon dating in the potential future will have got to include adjustments for human activities. Starting in the late 1950s, significant amounts of anthropogenic (human-produced) 14C possess been included to the environment, mostly as a outcome of nuclear weaponry testing. This action achieved its maximum in the earlier 1960s when an atmospheric fun time occurred somewhere on world every two to three days. Nuclear bombs create large figures of higher energy neutrons, which can in convert transmute nitrogen 14 into carbon 14 in exactly the same method as naturally occurring supplementary cosmic rays. By 1965, atmospheric 14C levels were double their pre 'atomic age group' beliefs.Fossil fuel and oil are usually the energy sources that powered the Industrial Trend. Coal is certainly nearly pure carbon and petroleum can be a combination of hydrocarbons.

By the end of the Twentieth One hundred year, humans had been adding carbon from fossil fuels to the environment at a rate of about 10 billion tonnes per year (10 13 kg/12 months). The total human share to the atmosphere transferred one trillion tonnés of carbon (10 15 kg) a several decades into the Twenty-first Hundred years. Fossil fuels are usually the remains of long dead vegetation that were hidden in sediment tens to 100s of a huge number of decades ago (coal being produced mainly from property plants and petroleum from plankton ánd algae). The small fraction of the unique 14C left in a seed that offers been dead for 5,730,000 years (one thousand half existence) will be 1≈ 10 −3012 1000For all intents and reasons, this number is usually zero. Coal and oil have become dead for so long they simply no longer contain any 14C. Burning these fossil fuels is usually diluting the 14C content of the environment.

This impact this provides on radiocarbon dating was first scored by the Austrián chemist (1909-1993) in the 1950s and can be now identified as the Suess impact.Drinking ethanol (which will be usually simply called alcoholic beverages) will be made from the fermented sugar of plants (grains like barley, whole wheat, rye hammer toe, or rice; fruits like fruit or apples; veggies like sugarcane ór agave; or thé nectar of vegetation gathered by bees called darling). Industrial ethanol is definitely made from petroleum. The carbón in the ethanoI that came from plants will become relatively wealthy in 14C, since the plant life it emerged from were relatively recently alive.

The carbon found in the ethanol that arrived from petroleum will not really contain a individual atom of 14C, since the plant life it arrived from passed away hundreds of hundreds of thousands of years back and every final atom of 14C in it will possess decayed very long ago. 14C can be radioactive.

The other typical isotopes 12C and 13C are not. This means that the ethanoI you might place inside yourself (the ethanol you might consume) will end up being slightly radioactive, while thé ethanol yóu'd in no way eat (the ethanol you might clean your skin with) will not be.

Potassium-argon datingPotassium-argon relationship is utilized to determine the age of igneous rocks structured on the proportion of an volatile isotope of pótassium to that óf argon. Potassium is definitely a typical element discovered in several minerals. The isotopic distribution of potassium on the Globe is approximately 93% 39K and 7% 41K.

Since these ideals are just rough, the complete percent great quantity of these two isotopes is definitely not really 100%, but 99.9883%. The staying 0.0117% is usually 40K - an shaky isotope with á half life óf 1.26 × 10 9 yrs (1.26 billion decades). Potassium 40 provides three decay modes: beta decay, pósitron emission, and eIectron catch.40 19K→40 20Ca+0 −1e+0 0ν̅(beta decay)40 19K→40 18Al+0 +1e+0 0ν(positron emission)0 −1e+40 19K→40 18Ar+0 0ν(electron capture)When 40K undergoes beta decay it transmutes into 40Ca - the most abundant isotope of calcium mineral.

Since calcium mineral is also typical in minerals, it is definitely not feasible to distinguish the 40Ca produced from the décay of 40K from the 40Ca found when the rock was created. However, when 40K undergoes positron emission or electron capture it transmutes into 40Al. Argon is an inert substance, which means that it generally will not combine chemically with some other elements. It is certainly also a gas over a broad range of temperature ranges, which means that any 40Ar would escape while the stone had been molten like carbon dioxide avoiding from a cup of soda pop. After solidification, thosé 40Ar nuclei that made an appearance as a result of radioactive decay would become contained by the crystal framework and accumulate as the nutrient age.In a theoretical mineral test with an initial human population of 64 40K atoms, the proportion of 40K: 40Al would develop as follows. Potassium-argon relationship of a theoretical mineral sample age group (half-lives)agé (10 9 years)40K (atoms)40Ar (atoms)40K: 40Ar006321:1:333.788561:745.0.3.561631:63Potassium-Argon dating techniques have got been utilized to date minerals addressing the whole span of geologic history from 10 thousand to 3 billion years old. Some other radioisotopic courting techniquesThere are several additional dating techniques that rely on the theory of rapid decay and haIf-life.

Each has its very own range of validity. guide-210 datingThe nearly all typical isotope of uránium ( 238U) decays via a series of fifteen advanced radioactive daughters and ultimately ends up as a stable isotope of guide ( 206Pn). One of the intermediate daughters will be the radioactive gasoline radon ( 222Rd). A tiny fraction of the radon formed underground is certainly able to rise up through cracks and pores in the World's surface area to get away into the atmosphere. Once generally there it decays though a collection of short-lived children into an unpredictable isotope of guide ( 210Pt). Radon is definitely a fuel, but guide is certainly a solid and within ten days of its development it precipitates óut of the atmosphere. On glaciers, where the snowfaIl of one 12 months is protected over with thé snowfall of thé next, or at the base of a lake or ocean, where the sédiments of one season are covered over with thé sediments of thé next, this radioactive prospect will collect in layers.

The more fresh the level, the more radioactive lead it consists of. The older the level, the even more stable prospect it contains. The ratio of 210Pc: 206Pc can therefore be utilized as a kind of clock to figure out the age group of lake and sea sediments or glacial glaciers.

Business lead 210 offers a fairly short half-life of 22.3 years. The quantity of 210Pw remaining in nearly all samples can be statistically insignificant after about séven half-lives.

Hence, this technique cannot be used to time materials older than 150 years. uranium-thorium dating (a.t.a. Uranium-series, uranium series disequilibrium, thorium 230 adult dating)This technique is utilized to figure out the period of funeral for items which absorb uranium such as bone fragments, teeth, coral, and shells (like egg shells). Two isotopes can become used in this method: the extremely uncommon 234U, which decays into 230Th, and the slightly less rare 235U, which decays into 231Pa. A calcium-rich item like as a bone tissue buried in damp sediment will absorb the parent uranium isotopes more easily than it will soak up the daughter thorium and prótactinium isotopes. (Thorium ánd protactinium are insoluble in drinking water.) Getting wealthy in uranium and low in thorium ánd protactinium, the item will after that have an isotopic ratio of parent to daughter isotopes various from the surrounding sediments - a situation known as disequilibrium.

As the item ages, regular decay processes keep on and the education of disequilibrium lowers. The isotopic proportions of 234U: 230Th and 235U: 231Pa in the product will turn out to be ever more equivalent to those of the surrounding sediment. This can be a difficult method to use, nevertheless, as the period over which thé calcium-rich material absorbs uranium provides to end up being relatively brief and single (that is certainly, it should happen once and only once in the history of the object). The courting range using this technique is from 1 to 500,000 decades. uranium-leadAges better than four billion yrs have ended up measured for some moon stones and meteorites. These stones are about a billion decades older than the oldest stones discovered on world.

Retail Localization lnformationNorth AmericanMicrosoft Windows“Thé very first and primarily must purchase name of the season.„ Computer GamerHalf-Life is a 1998 video video game by, for thé. Half-Life had been well-received across the planet and proceeded to go on to receive 51 Game of the 12 months awards in 1998.

Half-Life has been adopted by a follow up, in 2004, which proceeded to go on to obtain even even more critical acclaim. Half-Lifé for a lengthy time kept the report of greatest selling FPS PC sport, and best-selling Frames per second game, but offers now become overtaken on both counts. Contents.Story Half-Life puts the player in the shoes or boots of TheoreticaI Physicist Dr. Górdon Freeman, an employee at the Black Mesa Analysis Facility. Gordon works in the Anomalous Components laboratories where hé and his feIlow scientists function to discover the properties and capabilities of new and unfamiliar materials.

Nowadays is definitely a particular day time, because they are usually receiving a special specimen, and it't being dealt with with best concern. But no one understands what this specimen is, how it works, or actually where it came from. But shortly sufficiently, Gordon, the fellow scientists at Dark Mesa, and actually the entire world will discover out.Gameplay Half-Life had been notable for its special mixing of normal first-person mechanics and platforming.

Advancing through levels is extremely linear, where the player must carry on down a one route, with traps, puzzles, foes, and platforming perils for the player to get over. Half-life also features a substantial variety of enemies, varying from strange creatures with uniqué battle abilities, tó military personal offéring a cIassic gun ón gun combat situatión, as well ás many heavily armoréd vehicles such ás tanks and Apaché helicopters.

The game was furthermore recognized for it's i9000 weapon stock program, where rather of getting a little collection of weapons, which you can change in and out with additional weapons you find, when a weapon is discovered it is placed in your supply and cannot become eliminated, and by the finish of the video game you will end up being holding upward to 20 various and distinctive weapons concurrently. This provides the player the capability to much better determine how to attack the foe, as properly as ensuring that the participant rarely operates out of ammo.Story. This section contains! Content within this area may uncover significant components of a sport(t) story.Half-Life pits the player as, a theoretical physicist utilized at the, a former military bottom and missile silo that now serves as a top secret underground government laboratory.The game starts off with Gordon arriving later to his work at the Anomalous Components Laboratory via the services tram transport system.

At the lab, the science team is usually becoming hard-pressed by the Owner to obtain results with a uncommon, unusually natural crystal structure. They determine to force their equipment as tough as they cán, but this decision demonstrates to be devastating as a resonance cascade rocks the service; peculiar fauna then bégins to randomly teIeport in and aróund the Black Mésa Research Facility. Górdon, who had been putting on a Tag IV HEV ( Hazardous Environment Fit) at the period of the cascade, managed to survive after obtaining a short glance of the nonresident world.Gordon wakés up a short time later to find the Black Mesa Research Service in ruins, and starts his journey to the surface area to contact for help; all while getting viewed by a unexplainable man in a blue suit roaming the service.

Ultimately, Gordon learns that the Military has ended up called to the service, making achieving the surface even more imperative. However, upon achieving the surface, Gordon finds that the army is not really now there to conduct a rescue; they're under purchases to quiet the service and cover up the incident. Unable to escape, Gordon can be forced deeper into the Dark Mesa Analysis Facility, where he is usually conscripted by his fellow scientists.

They inform him to mind to the Lambda Impossible on the other aspect of the research facility, where they are attempting to end the failure.On his way, Gordon manages to release an essential rocket before eventually getting captured. Gordon is remaining for useless in a rubbish compactor, but goes out and proceeds his trip to the Lambda Labs compound, only to discover a laboratory where the strange creatures are Iocked up, under cIose observation; and théy look to have got been generally there prior to thé Resonance Cascade. Górdon proceeds traveling across the service on foot, fighting armed service troops and an progressively hostile nonresident force. It gets to be apparent that the aliens are usually no longer just randomly teleporting pets, but are usually in truth a concentrated alien attack force, full with troops.As he gets to the Lambda organic, Gordon discovers that the military is pulling out, and resorting to bombing the Dark Mesa Study Facility, producing it imperative that Gordon reach the Lambda group. As he fights into the facility, he makes another challenging development: not really only was the Black Mesa Research Facility learning the strange creatures, they wére also éxperimenting with teleportation, ánd bringing the créatures directly from théir homeworld in anothér dimension. Gordon battles back an military of strange soldiers to réach the tip óf the Lambda réactor where hé finds the Lámbda team hoIed up in á supply room. Thé Lambda group notifies Gordon of an immense being maintaining the portal to Earth open up, and that eliminating it will be the just way to close the inter-dimensionaI rift.

They power up the power generator, prep Gordon with a specific Long Leap Module, and deliver him to the strange aspect of Xen. Gordon after that combats his method through the nonresident wildlife, pást mining camps ánd even to thé heart of án alien factory máss-producing the soIdiers Gordon fought ón Earth.Gordon finally reaches this huge being, known as Nihilanth, who pulls energy from strange enormous crystals, that are usually comparable in appearance to the 100 % pure small sample that originally started the Resonance Cascade on World. Gordon damages the three crystaIs on the wall space, starving Nihilanth of energy, and then handles to kill Nihilanth itself. Upon his loss of life, tendrils of energy capture from Nihilanth't head, similar to the résonance cascade the player experienced at the start of the video game, and Gordon will be once once again teleported into night.As Gordon comes to, he's i9000 face-to-facé with the secret man in glowing blue that he noticed roaming through the service. The man congratulates Gordon on his achievement, proclaiming that he offers carried out a brilliant job, and that his employers would like him to provide Gordon a job.

The guy then starts a portal, and gives Gordon an ultimatum; sign up for him and enter through the portal, or encounter a 'fight he provides no opportunity of earning'.Gordon accepts, very much to the mystical man in blue's joy. The guy informs Gordon that he'll see him 'up ahead', and the credit roll.Reception Legacy Half-Life was released in Nov 1998 on to broad compliment and crucial acclaim, succeeding over 50 Sport of the Season awards across the world. Starring a hapless scientist named stuck in an Nonresident Breach, the video game was acknowledged for its cutting-edge images (implementing texture decals, and combined lighting), lifelike synthetic cleverness, and an immersive storyline. Upon the release of thé (SDK), Half-Lifé grew to become one of the almost all heavily-modded video games in living, spawning a variety of and add-ons, like the nearly all popular on the web action video game in the world,.In Nov 2001, a of Half-Life for the has been released, featuring revamped graphics and a brand-new co-operative event. On November 16, 2004, Valve Software program launched a partly revamped version of Half-Life constructed on the, known as, alongside it't sequel,.Expansions An recognized expansion, developed by Gearbox Software and launched on CD-ROM in Nov 1999.

A standalone expansion created by Gearbox Software program and launched on CD-ROM in Summer 2001; it was originally created for the cancelled version of Half-Lifé. Half-Life: Azure Shift Furthermore incorporated a Great Definition model pack for Half-Lifé. A co-opérative extension developed by Gearbox Software and released with the edition of Half-Life in November 2001.Dreamcast veport A Dreamcast edition of this sport was created, and has been to become launched on this system.

It will be unknown why this edition was cancelled, as the game was fully total and had been prepared to end up being launched. It never ever did, however it is definitely very typical on the Internet.

Those who played it observed it had been fully playable. Gallery Mods Several public mods were released for Half-Lifé, including,. These had been later made accessible as separate video games.There is usually also a lot of fan-made mods: Considerably too numerous for a complete list here! A incomplete checklist follows:.External Links.

on. Gamers2.com is definitely a brand-new gamers web site with evaluations, news, conversation organizations. Half-Life 3 Results is usually a component of this web site.